HMRC have recently issued RCB 2 (2019) which sets out HMRC’s view on Toll Manufacturers (TM). TM is an arrangement in which a company which has a specialised equipment processes raw materials or semi-finished goods for another company. It may also be called toll processing. Typically, a TM will import, say, pharmaceutical goods, process and distribute them within the UK for clinical trials on behalf of an overseas owner.
HMRC has become aware that a number of UK TMs have paid import VAT on behalf of overseas customers have also claimed a corresponding deduction for input tax under VAT Act 1994 Section 24. However, there is no provision in UK law for such deduction.
Current treatment
TMs will usually act as importer and recover import VAT via a C79 despite them not being the owner of the goods (the owner instructs the TM to carry out works on their goods on their behalf).
HMRC has now confirmed that this VAT treatment is incorrect, and it will no longer be permitted.
New treatment
Only the owner of the goods will be treated as the importer and be able to recover import VAT. TMs will no longer be able to claim this VAT.
However, HMRC will not require TMs to make adjustments to past claims and the treatment will only be required going forward.
Introduction
The change comes into effect from 15 July 2019
Affect
Affected TMs are likely to need to make significant changes to their systems before that date.
Overseas owners of the relevant goods will either need to:
- register for UK VAT and claim the import VAT on a “regular” return, or
- make a claim via the Thirteenth VAT Directive (86/560/EEC)
NB: In cases where title has passed before import into the UK (businesses sell on the goods before importing them into the UK so ownership and title has passed to the new owner, however the business that sold the goods acts as importer on UK import declarations, pays the import VAT to HMRC and receives the import VAT certificate – C79) the correct procedure is for the new owner of the goods to be the importer of record and reclaim the import VAT and not the previous owner.
As with many areas of VAT, a No-Deal Brexit is likely to increase the complications for such cross-border transactions in the future.
Please contact us if you have any queries or require assistance on this matter.