Category Archives: VAT Payment

How to pay duties and VAT on imports – updated guidance

By Marcus Ward 22 July 2024

HMRC has updated its guidance on how to pay Customs Duty, Excise Duties and VAT on imports from outside the UK.

The document covers, inter alia:

The update includes the removal of references to the Customs Handling of Import and Export Freight (CHIEF) system, as all import declarations must now be made through the Customs Declaration Service.

VAT: Changing bank details

By Marcus Ward 12 July 2024

HMRC have announced that the use of the current form VAT484 which is used to change a business’s bank details, will cease from 4 August 2024.

This is because of fraudulent use of the form to divert repayments of VAT to criminals’ accounts.

Instead, from 5 August 2024, any request to change any registration details should be made via the HMRC online portal and not by any other postal or electronic means.

HMRC also emphasises that agents cannot amend clients’ bank details or email addresses as that can only be done by the registered entity.

HMRC guidance: Change your VAT registration details will be updated next month.

VAT: Mind the gap – HMRC latest figures

By Marcus Ward 24 June 2024

GOV.UK has published details of the most recent measurement of the tax gap for 2022-20223.

What is the tax gap?

The tax gap is measured by comparing the net tax total theoretical liability with tax actually paid. This is comparing the amount of tax HMRC expected to receive in the UK and the amount HMRC actually received.

The figures

The tax gap is estimated to be 4.8% of total theoretical tax liabilities, or £39.8 billion in absolute terms, in the 2022 to 2023 tax year.

Total theoretical tax liabilities for the year were £823.8 billion.

There has been a long-term reduction in the tax gap as a proportion of theoretical liabilities: the tax gap reduced from 7.4% in the tax year 2005 to 2006 to 4.8% in the tax year 2022 to 2023.

While most of the components follow a downward trend, with the largest proportionate fall between 2005 to 2006 and 2022 to 2023 in the VAT gap, falling from 13.7% to 4.9%, the Corporation Tax gap estimate has increased from 11.4% in 2005 to 2006 to 13.9% in 2022 to 2023.

The Corporation Tax gap share has increased from 17% of the overall tax gap in 2018 to 2019 to 34% in 2022 to 2023, while the share of the tax gap from VAT has fallen from 28% of the overall tax gap in 2018 to 2019 to 20% in 2022 to 2023. The Income Tax, NICs and Capital Gains Tax gap share decreased from 39% to 34% over the last 5 years.

The tax gap from small businesses is the largest component of the tax gap by customer group at a 60% share in 2022 to 2023; the tax gap from wealthy and individuals each make up a low proportion of the tax gap at 5% each in 2022 to 2023

The VAT gap

VAT represents 20% of the overall tax gap.

The VAT tax gap is 4.9%.

There are several approaches to measuring tax gaps. VAT and excise duties gaps are mainly estimated using a ‘top-down’ approach, by comparing the implied tax due from consumer expenditure data with tax receipts. Most other components are estimated using a ‘bottom-up’ approach, based on HMRC’s operational data and management information.

A top-down approach uses independent, external data on consumption to estimate the tax base. The tax base is used to calculate a theoretical value of tax that should be paid. The actual amount of tax paid is subtracted from this theoretical value to estimate the tax gap.

VAT: DIY Housebuilder Scheme updated

By Marcus Ward 16 April 2024

HMRC has updated its guidance for DIY Housebuilders.

The scheme enables people who build, or convert properties into dwellings for their own use to recover VAT incurred on the project.

Repayment interest on VAT credits or overpayments – Update

By Marcus Ward 6 February 2024

HMRC has updated its guidance on when repayment interest is due.

If a business has claimed more input tax than it has declared output tax (a repayment return) HMRC will repay the difference by making a VAT repayment. HMRC will also repay any VAT that has been overpaid in error. Repayments are usually made within 30 days. The 30 days starts from the day HMRC receives the VAT Return and ends the day your repayment is approved (not the day it is received). HMRC does not count days taken to check the return is accurate and legitimate, and to correct any errors or omissions, as part of this 30-day period.

If HMRC is late in paying, a business may be entitled to repayment interest on any VAT that it is owed. For accounting periods starting on or after 1 January 2023, repayment interest replaces the repayment supplement.

A business, or its agent can track a VAT repayment online.

Update

Information on eligibility criteria for repayment interest on overpayments and start dates when VAT is not paid to HMRC has been amended. Information on repayment interest end dates when HMRC sets it off against your debts has also been updated.

VAT: Payments on account – update

By Marcus Ward 12 December 2023

HMRC have updated its payments on account (POA) guidance.

What are POA?

These are advance payments towards a business’s VAT bill. They are mandatory.

HMRC will notify a taxpayer to make POA if a business renders VAT returns quarterly, and it owes more than £2.3 million in any period of 12 months or less.

Under the POA arrangement, businesses make interim payments at the end of months two and three for each return quarter. The interim payment is intended to cover part of the overall VAT liability for the that quarter. The balancing payment for the return’s VAT liability will be settled when the business submits its VAT return payment. Quarterly VAT returns are filed online as normal.

POA calculation

HMRC will calculate POA based on a business’s annual VAT liability in the period that it goes over the threshold. The annual VAT liability in that period will be divided by 24 to arrive at an instalment amount.

A taxable person who has been in business for less than 12 months will have POA calculated by HMRC on a pro rata basis.

POA start date and annual cycle

The payments on account cycle starts in the first quarter after a business exceeds the £2.3 million threshold.

The payments will remain the same until the start of the next annual cycle.

The annual cycle begins in April, May or June depending on which VAT return ‘stagger’ a business is on. HMRC bases the amount of payments during the annual cycle on the liability in the period known as the ‘reference year’.

POA due dates

The due dates for POA are the last working day of the second and third months of every VAT quarter no matter what the period end date is. The seven-day extension for paying electronically does not apply to POA.

POA that are not paid on time will be subject to late payment interest.

Due dates for quarterly balancing payments

Balancing payments are due with the VAT return and must clear HMRC’s bank account by the last working day of the month if standard period end dates are used.

Late payments

If a business does not make POA or the balancing payment in full and on time HMRC will:

take immediate action to recover the debt
charge late payment interest
consider charging late payment penalties on amounts unpaid after the balancing payment due date
consider transferring a business from quarterly to monthly returns

Removal from a POA arrangement

If a business’s VAT liability falls below £2.3 million in the reference year HMRC will remove it from the arrangement six months later.

Alternative to payments on account

If making POA and submitting quarterly VAT returns does not suit a business, it can choose to make VAT returns and payments monthly.

Commentary

As may be seen, it is important to recognise the POA limit and to make payments on time. There is an obvious cash flow impact and plans should be put in place if the VAT turnover is nearing the threshold.

Evidence of UK establishment required for certain VAT registered businesses

By Marcus Ward 2 October 2023

Businesses registered for VAT at a high-volume address will be asked by HMRC to prove they are established in the UK.

High-Volume Addresses

A high-volume address is where a single UK address is listed as the principal place of business (PPOB) for many VAT-registered businesses. We understand that many thousands of businesses are registered at single addresses in the UK.

HMRC will require proof of a place of belonging in the UK to avoid online marketplaces failing to account for output tax.

Online marketplaces

Online marketplaces are liable for the output VAT from sales on their platforms by overseas traders. HMRC understand that Non Established Taxable Persons (NETPs) have incorporated in the UK and provided UK address details to marketplaces. Since they are then no longer “overseas traders” these rules do not apply. In these situations, the NETP does not declare VAT and the marketplace does not become liable for it.

HMRC is writing to all VAT registered businesses with a PPOB at a high-volume address to ask for evidence to demonstrate that the business is actually established in the UK. If the business does not respond, by default, HMRC will consider the business to be a NETP and seek to recover VAT from the online marketplace business.

Evidence of UK establishment

HMRC will outline what specific evidence it will accept in their letter.

VAT: Late payment interest rates rise to 5.25%

By Marcus Ward 5 September 2023

HMRC late payment interest rates for late payments will increase following the Bank of England interest rate rise to 5.25%. These changes will come into effect on:

14 August 2023 for quarterly instalment payments
22 August 2023 for non-quarterly instalments payments

Apply to receive VAT data from HMRC

By Marcus Ward 13 July 2023

Credit reference agencies and other qualifying applicants can now apply for VAT registration data for use in making financial assessments.

A UK-based credit reference agency or similar financial organisation can apply for authorisation to get non-financial VAT registration data for the purpose of:

credit scoring
anti-fraud checking
compliance with other financial regulations

It may help small businesses and new start-ups gain access to credit and finance for the first time and give increased access to credit and finance to established VAT-registered businesses.

The data file will cover all VAT-registered businesses, not individual businesses or grouped by trade sector or geographical location.

In addition to the VAT registration number and available contact information, the data for each registered business includes the:

effective date of registration
overseas trader indicator
group or divisional registration indicator
organisational name
trading name and trading style
standard industrial classification code (trade class)
legal entity status
company number and incorporation date

Where applicable, this will also include the date of:

deregistration
transfer of a going concern

No financial or payment data is included.

The file shared will be updated weekly to ensure it is accurate.

HMRC will only share non-financial VAT registration data with you if your business has a genuine need to use it for the purposes set out in section 8(1) of the Small Business Enterprise and Employment Act (SBEEA) 2015.

How to apply

An interest may be registered by applying to receive VAT registration data by emailing: vat.datasharing@hmrc.gov.uk, quoting ‘VAT Data Sharing’ in the subject line.

New portal for VAT payment plans

By Marcus Ward 4 July 2023

VAT is normally due on the relevant due date*. However, HMRC has launched a new self-service portal for businesses to set up payment plans.

We look at managing VAT debt in detail here.

A business can set up a VAT payment plan online if it:

has filed its latest tax return
owes £20,000 or less
is within 28 days of the payment deadline
does not have any other payment plans or debts with HMRC
plans to pay off its debt within the next six months

A taxpayer cannot set up a VAT payment plan online if it uses the Cash Accounting Scheme, Annual Accounting Scheme, or makes payments on account.

If a business cannot set up a payment plan online it will need to contact HMRC.

HMRC will ask:

if you can pay in full
how much you can repay each month
if there are other taxes you need to pay
how much money you earn
how much you usually spend each month
what savings or investments you have

If you have savings or assets, HMRC will expect you to use these to reduce your debt as much as possible.

* For businesses that pay their VAT monthly or quarterly, the deadline for both submitting a return and paying the VAT owing is usually one calendar month plus seven days after the VAT period has ended

VAT payment deadline calculator here.